Appendix D: Historical Timeline
1890s-1910s: Pre-Jazz & Ragtime
- 1899: Scott Joplin publishes “Maple Leaf Rag”
- 1902: Jelly Roll Morton claims to have “invented jazz”
- 1910s: Ragtime at peak popularity
1910s-1920s: Birth of Jazz
- 1917: Original Dixieland Jazz Band makes first jazz recordings
- 1917: Storyville closes; New Orleans musicians migrate north
- 1923: King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band records (featuring Louis Armstrong)
- 1925: Louis Armstrong’s Hot Five recordings begin
- 1928: “West End Blues” recorded—Armstrong’s revolutionary solo
1930s-1940s: Swing Era
- 1935: Benny Goodman’s “Let’s Dance” radio show launches swing craze
- 1938: Goodman’s Carnegie Hall concert legitimizes jazz
- 1939: Coleman Hawkins records “Body and Soul”
- 1940: Duke Ellington’s “Ko-Ko”
- 1942-1944: Recording ban during WWII
1940s-1950s: Bebop Revolution
- 1945: First bebop recordings (Parker, Gillespie)
- 1949: Miles Davis’s “Birth of the Cool” sessions
- 1950s: Hard bop develops on East Coast; cool jazz on West Coast
- 1956: Clifford Brown dies (age 25)
- 1959: Miles Davis records “Kind of Blue”—modal jazz breakthrough
- 1959: Ornette Coleman’s “The Shape of Jazz to Come”
1960s: Expansion & Revolution
- 1960: Free jazz movement gains momentum
- 1964: John Coltrane’s “A Love Supreme”
- 1965: Coltrane’s “Ascension”—free jazz landmark
- 1965-1970: Fusion begins emerging
- 1969: Miles Davis’s “In a Silent Way”
1970s-1980s: Fusion & Fragmentation
- 1970: Miles Davis’s “Bitches Brew” released
- 1970s: Fusion dominates; Weather Report, Return to Forever, Mahavishnu Orchestra
- 1977: “Birdland” (Weather Report) becomes jazz-fusion anthem
- 1980s: Neo-traditionalist movement (Wynton Marsalis)
- 1980s: Smooth jazz emerges commercially
1990s-Present: Contemporary Diversity
- 1990s: Multiple streams—traditionalist, avant-garde, fusion
- 2000s: Genre-blending accelerates
- 2010s: Hip-hop and electronic influences
- 2020s: Jazz continues evolving in multiple directions
[Timeline will be expanded as chapters are completed]